Bava Metzia 72

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Dec 072016
 

Cases are discussed relating to converts paying interest after they converted or taking interest from a loan they had lent before they converted.  Various cases are brought in which something about the shtar (document) is invalid (i.e. it was a loan with interest) – does it invalidate the entire document or can the part that is true/good, still be valid.   Differences between the different cases are analyzed.  The mishna discusses the halachot about buying produce up front in the beginning of the season but only to receive the produce later – in what circumstances is this forbidden because it may be interest (if the produce goes up in value) and in what circumstances is it permitted (if the seller has the produce in his property at the time of the sale or the market value has already been set).

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Bava Metzia 71

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Dec 062016
 

Can one take interest from non Jews?  Under what circumstances?  A pasuk is brought to show that one who takes interest will lose his money.  The gemara then questions that against reality where we see righteous people who lose their money also.  Rebbi raises 2 problems where the Torah says one thing about a ger  and the halacha doesn’t match that.  One about a hebrew slave and one about taking interest.  They are both resolved.  The gemara then proceeds to describe cases where one is permitted to be a guarantor for a loan on interest.  THe cases in the mishna are explained where there are 3 people – 2 Jews and a non Jew and one takes the loan off the other and pays the interest for him . The gemara describes 4 possible cases – 2 of which are allowed and 2 of which aren’t.  This related to the issue of a Jew being a messenger for a non Jew.  2 versions of a radical statement by Rav Ashi on the topic are brought – and are both rejected.

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Bava Metzia 70

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Dec 052016
 

More types of investments are discussed and in what situations and with what stipulations are they allowed.  There are certain things allowed to orphans that are forbidden to others.  What exactly these are are a matter of discussion in the gemara.  Suggestions are given as to how best to deal with an orphan’s money.  Is it considered a good thing to take interest from non Jews or is it frowned upon, despite the fact that it is permitted by Torah law?

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Bava Metzia 69

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Dec 042016
 

In what manner can people invest with others and share the profits without being concerned about it being interest?  This is called an iska and is allowed as long as the one who receives the investment and does the work gets some sort of minimum salary so that the investor doesn’t get a service for free (which would then be perceived as an interest payment).  There is a debate about how much salary one needs to give – how minimal it can be.  Various cases and situations are described to explain what methods of investing are and are not allowed.  Renting out money is not the same as renting out an item for two reasons described in the gemara and therefore it is forbidden.  One can lend out money with interest if the lender is not the one who receives the interest or the borrower is not the one who pays the interest – meaning there is a third person who pays or gets the interest – as long as he is not acting as a messenger of the lender or borrower.

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Bava Metzia 67

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Dec 022016
 

Does the law that asmachta is not a valid sale apply only to land or also to moveable property?  If someone is allows someone to take something of theirs without complaining (mechila) and later finds out that it was a mistake, is this valid or not?  Does it depend on the situation?  Cases are discussed regarding one who eats fruit off of property given to him as collateral – does it need to be returned or not (is it interest from the rabbis or from the Torah)?  Does depend on the whether it is a place where the borrower can kick the lender off the property as soon as he pays back his loan or whether it is a place where the borrower does not have rights to kick the lender off his property until the time of the loan has ended.  What other differences are there between land in the hands of the lender in each of these places?

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Bava Metzia 66

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Dec 012016
 

If someone commits during or following a transaction to something exaggerated, is it considered valid or not?  Do we say that he never intended to commit to that and was only saying it to inspire confidence.  Various cases are brought regarding these types of statements.

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